Woman Must Marry in Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen Essay

Jane Austen knowingly stated the problems in society with a particular emphasis on the harshness of the culture towards women. During her time little girls were raised being taught about the dire circumstances of a woman who did not marry well. Little girls were taught to be multi-lingual, artistic, cultured, musically inclined, and other inconsequential skills. These skills were required to make a good match for a wealthy man, which was their only goal in life. This is furthermore expressed, as Sheehan states , â€Å"Familial aspirations, coupled with women’s increased dependence on marriage for financial survival, made courtship a central focus of women’s lives† (n.pag.). Society was entirely driven by marriage. Jane Austen noticed this†¦show more content†¦Jane and Elizabeth shared the same radical idea of marrying a man because of the size of their heart instead of the size of their pocket book. The girls fought against the social normality an d married for nothing more than the deepest affection. This was clear when Elizabeth refuses to marry her cousin, Mr. Collins. Their marriage would have benefitted the entire family because it meant the younger girls would have a place to live, even if their father died. Mr. Collins was a nice enough man. His kind demeanor is shown when he works to repair the damaged family bond that was torn between his father and Mr. Bennet. His consideration of this made it evident that he had everyone’s best interest at heart. Yet because Elizabeth did not love him, she refused him breaking her mother’s heart in the process. The concept of a dowry also expresses the large extent to which marriage was consumed by thoughts of money. â€Å"A dowry is the property that a wife brings to her husband on marriage. In Europe, The dowry has a long history, frequently serving only to enhance the desirability of a woman for marriage but also to build the power and wealth of great families†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Dowry 205). The Bennet family’s lack of fortune ensures that the girls would have a very difficult time finding a suitable husband. The only way they can survive without marrying well is if their dad had set aside some of his annual income toShow MoreRelated With particular reference to the novel opening, how does Jane Austen1247 Words   |  5 Pagesthe novel opening, how does Jane Austen present the role of women in pride and prejudice? Pride and Predujice With particular reference to the novel opening, how does Jane Austen present the role of women in pride and prejudice? Pride and prejudice was first published in 1893, this was a time when it just became acceptable for women to write and publish books. Pride and prejudice was set in the early 19th century in rural England. Pride and Prejudice is the story of Mr and Mrs BennetRead MoreSocial Commentary on Love and Marriage in Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austin1734 Words   |  7 PagesPride and Prejudice Love and Marriage Jane Austen shows the readers within the first sentence what the plot and main theme of Pride and Prejudice is and what social ideas she plans on presenting through this novel. The first sentence of Pride and Prejudice stands as one of the most famous introductory lines in literature. It states, â€Å"it is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife† (Austen 5). This statement puts the novel inRead MorePride And Prejudice By Jane Austen933 Words   |  4 PagesJane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice was first published in 1813(Gary vii) a time when women had â€Å"few legal and economic rights or even receiving little respect, women can be seen as oppressed victims of a patriarchal society, subordinate first to their fathers and, then, to their husbands who had, of course, been selected by their fathers† (Swords, 76-82). At first glance one might think that Pride and Prejudice reinforces sexist ster eotypes, however upon further examination of Jane Austen and herRead MoreJane Austen s Life And Prejudice1430 Words   |  6 PagesJane Austen was born on December 16, 1775 in Steventon, Hampshire, England. She was the seventh child and second daughter of Cassandra and George Austen. Jane Austen s life was one of the most transformative eras in British history. The American Revolution, The French Revolution, family and societal views caused Jane Austen s life to be influenced in several ways. Jane Austen was a conservative female who spent most of her time writing novels that reflected her views on love, war, reputation, andRead MoreThe Course of True Love Never Did Run Smooth in Pride and Prejudice1184 Words   |  5 PagesThe course of true love never did run smooth in â€Å"Pride and Prejudice† The idiom â€Å"The course of true love never did run smooth† implies that the path to love is never simple and straight forward. The path to true love is filled with difficulties and obstacles from society, religion, or culture. In â€Å"Pride and Prejudice,† none exemplify this idiom more than the couples Mr. Darcy and Elizabeth and Mr. Bingley and Jane. The idea behind the proverb plays a central role in constructing the plot of theRead MoreLove in Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen1035 Words   |  5 PagesThe course of true love never did run smooth in â€Å"Pride and Prejudice† The idiom â€Å"The course of true love never did run smooth† implies that the path to love is never simple and straight forward. The path to true love is filled with difficulties and obstacles from society, religion, or culture. In â€Å"Pride and Prejudice,† none exemplify this idiom more than the couples Mr. Darcy and Elizabeth and Mr. Bingley and Jane. The idea behind the proverb plays a central role in constructing the plot of theRead MoreJane Austen and Her Feminism1158 Words   |  5 PagesJane Austen and Her Feminism ---analyzing of feminism revealed in Pride and Prejudice Introduction It is universally acknowledged that Jane Austen was a major woman novelist in English; but it is also a truth that almost as universally ignored that Jane Austen was a feminist. By intensively reading her six novels (Sense and Sensibility, Pride and Prejudice, Northanger Abbey, Mansfield Park, Emma and Persuasion) and studying feminism, I have found some significant and fresh thingsRead MorePride And Prejudice By Jane Austen981 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Pride and Prejudice† by Jane Austen is a satire novel from 1813. The story is about a couple named the Bennets who try to get their five daughters to marry kind and rich gentlemen. The main characters however are the Bennets’ second and headstrong daughter Elizabeth and Fitzwilliam Darcy, her aristocratic suitor. Throughout the entire novel, the two lovers must overcome pride and prejudice before â€Å"love can bring the novel to its magnificent conclusion†. During the novel, there are two marriage proposals Read MoreGender Roles for Women in Pride and Prejudice897 Words   |  4 PagesFerbruary 2011 Gender Roles for Women in Pride and Prejudice The novel Pride and Prejudice represents life in the middle and upper classes in the 19th century. Jane Austen, the author, does an excellent job of differentiating the status and roles that people play. Georgiana Darcy, the Bennet sisters, and Charlotte Lucas are limited in their opportunities because of their social class, gender, and birthright. Being born into a high social class leaves a woman with no pressuring obligations. GeorgianaRead MorePride And Prejudice By Jane Austen Essay1156 Words   |  5 PagesStay True Few novels go down in history, and even fewer are remembered as symbols of social change. Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice is a novel remembered by many, and through the decades, as such a novel. The tale of Elizabeth as she overcomes various oppressions has become a classic. Women throughout Jane Austen’s time period were constantly oppressed by social codes and expectations.These social codes included requirements from chaperoned dates to a limit of expression of emotion. Elizabeth’s

Stem Cells And Its Effects On Human Cells - 2106 Words

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells within the body that are defined by their ability to self renew and differentiate into specialized cells (1). Stem cells function in body tissues as a repair mechanism, with an unlimited ability to divide and restock cells as needed by the body. Each time a stem cell divides, the new cell formed can either remain a stem cell or differentiate into a specialized cell, such as a brain cell. Traditionally, there are two main types of stem cells: human embryonic stem cells [HESCs] and adult somatic stem cells. In 1981,embryonic stem cells were the first type of stem cell to be discovered (2). Embryonic stem cells originate from four-to-five day old embryos formed during the blastocyst phase of embryological development. The embryos used to derive stem cells are usually extras that were created using in vitro fertilization and not implanted (2). Induced pluripotent stem cells [iPS cells] are specialized adult somatic cells that have been genetically modified to function similarly to embryonic stem cells; that is, iPS cells have the ability to differentiate into all adult cell types (2). The discovery of iPS cells in 2006 was very exciting for the medical community as researchers hoped to use iPS cells in many ways, including: to gain an increased understanding of disease pathology, as aids in transplant medicine, and in pharmaceutical and cytotoxicity studies. Subsequent research on iPS cells has revealed some areas of concern including:Show MoreRelatedStem Cells And Its Effect On Human Cells1369 Words   |  6 PagesStem cells are cells that have the ability to generate other cells. If research continues going the way it is now stem cells could potentially reduce the need for insulin in diabetics and treat various conditions and diseases. The discovery of stem cells, how they differentiate and their potential use in medic ine are very important stories. Stem Cells can be obtained two different ways, one from embryos, which are called embryonic stem cells, and one from adults, called adult stem cells. Stem cellRead MoreStem Cells And Its Effect On The Human Body1407 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Stem cells are unspecialized cells of a multicellular organism and it has capability changing into any type cell. When stem cells divides, the new cell has the potential of choosing whether to stay a stem cell or turn into any type of specialized such as: skin cells, neurons, muscle cells and many more. Stem cells have no specific function but are special in their own way. In the early stage of the development, stem cells have the extraordinary potential to develop into any type of cell in theRead MoreStem Cells And Its Effects On Human Life2914 Words   |  12 Pagesyears, stem cell research has become more of the primary focus in the world of medicine. Scientists see the next ten years as being monumental in the growth of biology, as stem cells continue to amaze them with their potential to save and improve the quality of human life. These cells have the possibility to save millions of people with diseases thought to be incurable. However, there is controversy about the use of cer tain types of stem cells. Some stem cells are obtained from the cells of an earlyRead MoreThe Effects Of Stem Cell On The Human Body2802 Words   |  12 Pagesas incurable but embryotic stem cells may hold the cure. With that said, many researchers in the medical field have become quite involved in the study of stem cells. A stem cell is an immature cell that has the potential to become specialized into different types of cells throughout the body. There are two different types of stem cells: adult stem cells and embryonic stem cells. These cells are important because they have the ability to repair damaged tissue in the human body. Although they are bothRead MoreStem Cells And Its Effects On The Human Body998 Words   |  4 PagesStem cells are undifferentiated cells that have potential to be developed into many different specialized cell types, such as skin cells, bone cells, muscle cells, and many more. Stem cells used in research today derive from mainly two sources, embryos f rom the blastocyst phase of embryological development, known as embryonic stem cells, and adult tissue, known as adult stem cells (â€Å"Stem Cell Basics†). Embryonic stem cells come from human embryos that are roughly five-days-old, when it is in theRead MoreEmbryonic Stem Cells Or No?1006 Words   |  5 PagesEmbryonic Stem Cells or No? Did you know that since 1981, researchers have been removing embryonic stem cells from thousands of embryos to create cells that could potentially save people from diseases? How many patients do you think this has helped since then? Hundreds? Thousands? Wrong. In fact, not one â€Å"cure† has been found to help people with Parkinson’s, cancer, heart disease and so many more rare diseases that it is said to be able to help. Embryonic stem cell research has been an issue inRead MoreThe Controversial Topic Of Stem Cell Research Essay1414 Words   |  6 PagesStem Cell Research is still the most controversial topic in science today. The idea behind the experiment involves the development, use, and destruction of human embryos. The research method mainly focuses on embryonic stem cells, which involves taking tissue from an aborted embryo to get a better look at the cell and obtain information for the fundamental properties of the cells. Embryonic stem cells play a major role in the research because the cell provides information for cell development toRead MoreThe Medical Promise Of Embryonic Stem Cells1626 Words   |  7 PagesEmbryonic Stem Cells Why should people suffer from diabetes, Alzheimer’s, sickle cell anemia, leukemia, and plenty of other degenerative diseases while the cure lies in our hands? After James Thompson, a developmental biologist, reported that he had derived the first human embryonic stem cell line (Thomson), the potential of curing degenerative diseases was revealed. Ph.D. holder and deputy director of FDA’s office of Cellular, Tissue and Gene Therapies, Stephanie Simek, explains that stem cells are unspecializedRead MoreA Research Study On Stem Cell1680 Words   |  7 Pageslife, cells make up every organ and body part of a living organism. Among various types of cells of human bodies, a stem cell can turn into any type of specialized cell of human body. A stem cell is a cell that has the ability to develop into any conceivable different kind of specialized cell type. The existence of a stem cell was first discovered by Drs. James Till and Ernset McCulloch from Canada. A stem cell can be distinguished into two types: adult stem cell and embryonic stem cell. An embryonicRead MoreHematopoietic Stem Cells to Cure Leukemia980 Words   |  4 Pages Hematopoietic Stem Cells to Cure Leukemia Genetic Engineering consists in altering the DNA of a cell with the purpose of researching, as well as correcting genetic defects. (learn.genetics.edu) One of the human bodys cells has the ability to grow into any one of the bodys more than 200 cell types and this is called Stem Cells. They are not specialized and unlike mature cells, they can renew themselves and create new cells. Stem cells have a great potential, but extremely limited is the

The Classification Tree Is A Model That Uses Both...

Classification tree is a model that uses both categorical and numeric inputs to predict categorical or binomial outputs. The software draws a graph composed of nodes and leaves representing different groups of data with same characteristics based on the model. The output looks like a tree, which provides viewers with a direct exhibition; therefore, it is a good tool we can use to make a statistical analysis. The classification tree model allows both numeric and categorical inputs, both of which appear in the data set, that can be utilized to predict our categorical targeted output: workday alcohol consumption level. The model’s ability to handle both numeric and categorical input was the main reason why we decided that classification trees would be a good model to analyze our data. One of the most important changes to our data set, mentioned previously, was converting the workday alcohol consumption column into two levels: zeros, representing low workday alcohol consumption, a nd ones, representing high workday alcohol consumption. Moreover, since this data set contains the results of over one thousand questionnaire surveys, often times numbers recorded in the data set have more meaning than the number they represent. Take the â€Å"Health† variable as an example. If a respondent recorded a one for their health, it meant that their health was extremely poor; therefore, in this case one does not represent the actual number but rather extremely poor. It took us a while to manageShow MoreRelatedDecision Tree Induction Clustering Techniques in Sas Enterprise Miner, Spss Clementine, and Ibm Intelligent Miner – a Comparative Analysis6636 Words   |  27 PagesInternational Journal of Management Information Systems – Third Quarter 2010 Volume 14, Number 3 Decision Tree Induction Clustering Techniques In SAS Enterprise Miner, SPSS Clementine, And IBM Intelligent Miner – A Comparative Analysis Abdullah M. Al Ghoson, Virginia Commonwealth University, USA ABSTRACT Decision tree induction and Clustering are two of the most prevalent data mining techniques used separately or together in many business applications. Most commercial data mining softwareRead MoreDiffculty Level Question Questions1681 Words   |  7 PagesReinforcement learning Option 1 and 2 both Supervised Learning Supervised Learning Tree based Modelling 2 3 Decision tree  is a type of supervised learning algorithm (having a pre-defined target variable). Decision Trees can be used for _________ . Classification problems Regression problems Option 1 and 2 both None of these Option 1 and 2 both Supervised Learning Tree based Modelling 3 2 A _________ is a decision support tool that uses a tree-like graph or model of decisions and their possibleRead MoreAnalyzing Different Attributes Of A Car And Main Problem3613 Words   |  15 PagesSchlimmer is the donor of this data set. Data Set Information: This data set consists of three types of entities: (a) the specification of an auto in terms of various characteristics, (b) its assigned insurance risk rating, (c) its normalized losses in use as compared to other cars. The second rating corresponds to the degree to which the auto is more risky than its price indicates. Cars are initially assigned a risk factor symbol associated with its price. Then, if it is more risky (or less), this symbolRead MoreData Mining Information4566 Words   |  19 PagesAnother definition would be â€Å"a process that uses statistical, mathematical, artificial intelligence, and machine learning techniques to extract and identify useful information and subsequent knowledge from large databases.† This includes most types of automated data analysis. A third definition: Data mining is the process of finding mathematical patterns from (usually) large sets of data; these can be rules, affinities, correlations, trends, or prediction models. Data mining has many definitions becauseRead MoreIBM SPSS Statistics 19 Brief Guide25880 Words   |  104 Pagesyou send information to IBM or SPSS, you grant IBM and SPSS a nonexclusive right to use or distribute the information in any way it believes appropriate without incurring any obligation to you.  © Copyright SPSS Inc. 1989, 2010. Preface The IBM SPSS Statistics 19 Brief Guide provides a set of tutorials designed to acquaint you with the various components of IBM ® SPSS ® Statistics. This guide is intended for use with all operating system versions of the software, including: Windows, MacintoshRead MoreCrisp-Dm19407 Words   |  78 Pagestrademark and the other SPSS products named are trademarks of SPSS Inc. All other names are trademarks of their respective owners.  © 2000 SPSS Inc. CRISPMWP-1104 This document describes the CRISP-DM process model and contains information about the CRISP-DM methodology, the CRISP-DM reference model, the CRISP-DM user guide, and the CRISP-DM reports, as well as an appendix with additional related information. This document and information herein are the exclusive property of the partners of the CRISP-DMRead MoreContemporary Issues in Management Accounting211377 Words   |  846 Pages978–0–19–928335–4 ISBN 0–19–928336–2 (Pbk.) 978–0–19–928336–1 (Pbk.) 1 3 5 7 9 10 8 6 4 2 3 FOREWORD ‘ Michael Bromwich is an exemplar of all that is good about the British tradition of academic accounting. Serious in intent, he has striven both to illuminate practice and to provide ways of improving it. Although always appealing to his economic understandings, he has been open to a wide variety of other ideas, recognizing their intellectual strengths and capabilities rather than making artificial

A Brief Note On The Security Of Information - 1445 Words

Introduction Information is an aid to every single person, national/independent organization, logical investigations. Every activity depended on this stored information. There are different means of storage of information like files, documents and computer. But the digitalized storage of information in computer or computer network has become more efficient in maintenance, quick access of information, long life storages. Besides these advantages, there are also some challenging criteria in information digitalization. One of the major and major criteria is the security of that information. This Security of the information plays a major role in the business and its continuity. Not only in the areas of business, is security of information†¦show more content†¦Information Systems and its Implementing Strategies 3.1. Pre-defined Security policies and best practices A security Policy is the term referred as the strategy a company defined to analyze its critical assets and safeguarding principles of it. An organization or an individual must set up pre-defined and standard policies for security. It is purposed to determine the security assets and importance of protection to its employees. It should involve all the factors like ï‚ § Managing and maintaining of usernames, passwords. ï‚ § Response to a security instance. ï‚ § Secure way of using internet and internal e-mails. The initial step of an effective security policy lies in determining the employees and their responsibilities, use of the resources and how sensitive they must be handled, effective usage and restricted acts. These policies help in building up company’s resources, its critical assets, methodologies and way of protecting them. 3.1.1. Revising of policies: These policies have to be revised to check whether the policies are understood by the staff and can be practically implemented or not. They should be reformed as per the need and necessity. They should clearly assign the roles and responsibilities of every employee, their privileges. 3.1.2. Policy Violation acts: The violation acts also must be defined intending to realize the value of security policy in case of violating the policy acts. So that the

Pestle Analysis Construction Essay Example For Students

Pestle Analysis Construction Essay John O’Donnell Gallagher Construction and Development are based in north London. They are a property development and refurbishment company. They have been in the construction industry for about twenty five years. They have a workforce of twenty directly employed and about fifty self employed workers at the moment. The major political influences on the construction industry in London at the moment are the Mayor of London’s Sustainable Design and Construction Supplementary Planning Guidance to the London Plan, the Climate Change Action Plan, and the Governments lack of response to the effects of the recession. The recession has almost completely stopped the building of new houses and has led to the mothballing of most of the commercial developments planed for the capital. This means that the only sector in construction that has any work is the refurbishing sector. The effect of this for Gallagher’s is fierce completion for contracts and price-cutting to stay competitive which has very negative long term implications for the growth of the company. The implications of the Mayors initiative regarding the Climate Change Action Plan is that there work must comply with BREEM which sets and maintains a robust technical standard for construction work and have there work assessed so that the environmental impact of the work can be awarded an overall rating. This has impacts on time, cost and construction methods for tightly priced contracts. The economic environment for construction business in London at the moment is not good due to the recession. Even though the development for the 2012 Olympics is well under way, there are still a large number of construction workers unemployed. The Credit Crunch for Gallagher’s, who traditionally bought and refurbished buildings and then sold them on, as well as taking on contracts from a number of property development clients, has changed the nature of there business in two ways. One, most of there refurbishing work is now done in social housing, for Decent Homes contractors and the other is that because of the drop in house prices in 2008 Gallagher’s were left with a number of properties that could not be sold on at a profit therefore they have had to rent these properties out. This means dealing with tenants and being responsible for repairs and maintenance of these properties. The Decent Homes work also is different in that a lot of the properties that they have to work in are occupied and therefore the risks and responsibilities are different which means that there insurance costs have gone up and they have got to vet there employees with the Criminal Records Bureau at more cost. (2) Like most organizations Gallagher’s is organized on a hierarchical basis. Its management style is fair but firm; orders come from the top and should be carried out with only a minimum of questioning where necessary. ’’ The Considerate Constructors Scheme is the national initiative, set up by the construction industry, to improve its image. Sites and companies  that register with the Scheme sign up and are monitored against a Code of Considerate Practice, designed to encourage best practice beyond statutory requirements. The Scheme is concerned about any area of construction activity that may have a direct or indirect impact on the image of the industry as a whole. The main areas of concern fall into three main categories: the environment, the workforce and the general public. ’’ The Scheme logo which can be see on so many site hoardings shows that the company cares about the local community that they operate in, and are committed to the Scheme’s ‘‘Code of Considerate Practice’’. That sends a strong, positive message to the community as a whole, and reflects a good practice approach that is recommended to all construction businesses. .u7f300a273b4006966407324ccc7a929b , .u7f300a273b4006966407324ccc7a929b .postImageUrl , .u7f300a273b4006966407324ccc7a929b .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u7f300a273b4006966407324ccc7a929b , .u7f300a273b4006966407324ccc7a929b:hover , .u7f300a273b4006966407324ccc7a929b:visited , .u7f300a273b4006966407324ccc7a929b:active { border:0!important; } .u7f300a273b4006966407324ccc7a929b .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u7f300a273b4006966407324ccc7a929b { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u7f300a273b4006966407324ccc7a929b:active , .u7f300a273b4006966407324ccc7a929b:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u7f300a273b4006966407324ccc7a929b .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u7f300a273b4006966407324ccc7a929b .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u7f300a273b4006966407324ccc7a929b .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u7f300a273b4006966407324ccc7a929b .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u7f300a273b4006966407324ccc7a929b:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u7f300a273b4006966407324ccc7a929b .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u7f300a273b4006966407324ccc7a929b .u7f300a273b4006966407324ccc7a929b-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u7f300a273b4006966407324ccc7a929b:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Sexual harassment EssayGallagher’s response to the technological environment created by the initiative regarding the Climate Change Action Plan was to install Carbon Accounting computer software in there head office which establishes the carbon emission baseline covering all aspects of the business. This includes carbon management and it also helps to prepare there report in keeping with there Carbon Reduction Commitment. The Company that installed this software also trained those responsible in the office how to use it. Green building encompasses everything from the choice of building materials to where a building is located. At the moment Gallagher’s are finding that converting roofs so that solar energy panels can be installed requires operatives with skill and experience levels that are above the average, they are dealing with this by advertising for people with those particular skill sets. The future for green technology will include the development of apparatus and fuels so that the means of generating energy by the individual at home will become the norm, so Gallagher’s are forward planning to set up arrangements with the companies who make these apparatus to run short training courses for there operatives. The construction industry is governed by the Building Regulations, which is a statutory instrument which gives the government or local government authority to regulate the construction of buildings. This is supported by approved documents prepared by the office of the deputy Prime Minister, approved by the Secretary of State and issued by the Stationery Office to give practical guidance to contractors when complying with the various regulations. The Construction Design and Management Regulations 2007 which regulate the Health and Safety aspect of the construction industry. All of these regulations have legal powers to back them and must be adhered to by Gallagher’s and everyone else in the construction industry. (3) All of the top management at Gallagher’s Construction are, either fellows or members of professional bodies such as The Charted Institute of Builders. They are totally committed to Business and Professional Ethics. If there are any complaints about the quality of the materials used or the workmanship or behavior of their employees or sub-contractors there is an immediate investigation and if it is proved that any wrong has been done it will be rectified immediately and the person responsible will be dealt with according to company policy. References The Business Environment. Ian Worthington and Chris Britton The Considerate Constructors Scheme. The Sustainable Development Guide. I used to work for Gallagher’s Construction. John O’Donnell.

Dostoevsky - Notes from Underground free essay sample

The narrator decides upon actions that may directly oppose his true interests for the sole reason of proving that he is an unpredictable man who enjoys his own free will and ability to make voluntary decisions of his own, without being restrained by the ideas of rationality and reason. A particular profit (advantage) is revealed in the narrators philosophical ranting that describes mans ability to decide to act in an unpredictable manner. The narrator challenges the definition of profit saying, â€Å"What is profit? Will you take it upon yourself to define with perfect exactitude precisely what man’s profit consists in? † (Dostoevsky 21), and continues by introducing his idea of an overlooked advantage that is so important that all the other advantages rely upon it. He describes this masochistic advantage, questioning â€Å"And what if it so happens that on occasion mans profit sometimes not only may, but precisely must consist precisely in sometimes wishing what is bad for himself, and not what is profitable? † (21). We will write a custom essay sample on Dostoevsky Notes from Underground or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This abnormal advantage refers to an individuals freedom, the ability to choose, when given multiple options, a detrimental course of action over a more favorable option with the intention that one may demonstrate their free will, in order to express that they are unpredictable and refuse to be easily categorized and stereotyped by others. The common desires such as prosperity, wealth, freedom, and peace cannot possibly describe the complex needs of the human mind, and if there was a way to study desires in such a complex method, it would severely limit the feeling of free will and personality that an individual possesses. My questions for the Underground Man would be this: What if someday they really do discover the formula for all our desires and whims or the thing that governs them? What if they found the precise laws that produce them, how exactly theyre applied, where they lead in each and every case? I think that the Underground Man would reply saying that if they found the genuine mathematical formula, then all at once man might stop desiring, and he probably would. I don’t necessarily agree with this. Who would want to desire according to some table? It would make desire completely predictable and consequently less desirable. Desire, in this sense, is directly related to our nature. The narrator uses the example of a toothache (15) to explain why he hates the laws of nature. Like the laws of nature, a toothache is something that causes us pain but that we have no control over. The only response to this powerlessness is spite. If we listen to the moans of a cultured man with a toothache, we will realize that he is moaning only out of spite, to annoy himself and others. The consciousness of ones powerlessness against the laws of nature is humiliating, so no one with consciousness can ever respect himself. A conscious human being can only act by deceiving himself. Men of action can act because they think they have reasons for acting. Anyone with consciousness, however, can see that there are never good reasons for acting. For example, one may try to seek revenge out of a sense of justice, but when one thinks about justice, one sees that there is really no such thing. The laws of nature are responsible for everything. People with consciousness can act only by deceiving themselves into thinking they have reason to act, but later they will hate themselves for this deception. People with consciousness, then, can never do anything, so they are overtaken by inertia and get very bored. I completely agree with the Underground Man’s thoughts here. I believe that people are attention-seeking by nature. So, considering moaning for a certain injury, who is it really for? I don’t believe moaning is a natural occurrence due to pain. It has to be, then, a way for others to notice the pain, and give attention in response. Is it really in their best interest to be attention-seeking? The Underground Man claims that throughout history, human beings have consistently done things that were obviously not in their best interests. There must be some other interest that is even more advantageous than peace and prosperity. He goes on to say that utopian theories are just logical exercises with no grounding in reality. The utopians argue that science will show that human beings are nothing more than piano keys under the control of the laws of nature and will teach them to act according to those laws. Once everyone is enlightened and utopia is attained, the crystal palace can be built. The Underground Man responds that such a world would be very rational and boring and someone would certainly destroy it despite all its advantages. What human beings need is not rational desire, but their own desire. Utopian theories ignore the human need to make independent decisions, based on nothing more than ones own whims and free will. When physiological science starts to break down what affects the human condition, people lose their feeling of freedom, and will act in any self-destructive way in order to preserve what free will they have left. Speaking on this subject, the narrator claims that â€Å"If you say that all this, the chaos and darkness and cursing, can also be calculated according to a little table, so that the mere possibility of a prior calculation will put a stop to it all and reason will claim its own- then he will deliberately go mad for the occasion, so as to do without reason and have his own way! † (31). The mathematic properties that have been set as law are restraining peoples free will, and people will go crazy just to retain it. The narrator describes this in his â€Å"two times two† analogy. He asks what sort of free choice will there be when it comes down to tables and arithmetic, when all thats left is two times two makes four? Two times two makes four even without my will. Is that what you call free choice? (31). In order to demonstrate his discretion and unpredictable nature, the narrator suddenly bewilders his audience by announcing that what he stated before had been nothing more than a poor attempt at a joke. He states, â€Å"Gentlemen, Im joking, of course, and I myself know that I am not joking very successfully, but one really cannot take everything as a joke† (32). I do not know exactly how much information he had been joking about, possibly the two previous chapters, four chapters, or the entire work. I can even be speculate that the narrator was never actually joking, but isnt confident enough to admit to the claims that he has made. Either way, his shot at humor, though hard to understand, humanizes him; and it exhibits yet another contradicting statement. The narrator leads into another confusing announcement when he proclaims â€Å"Even this would be better here: if I myself believed at least something of all I’ve just written. For I swear to you, gentlemen, that I do not believe a word†¦ I sense and suspect that Im lying like a cobbler. † (37). By combining this with the previously mentioned joke statement, and assuming that both statements are meant literally, they create a double negative, canceling each other out. This reverses everything that he has claimed. Why would he do this? Would this be no more than another example of the advantage or profit he previously described? Is this his self- sabotaging method of being unpredictable? Without jumping to conclusions, a following passage illustrates how the narrator believes a reader might react to his writings. I feel that Dostoevsky believes that there is some truth in people but no chastity. Consequently, they bring their truth out into the open and they shame it. This means that they really want to say something, but conceal their final word out of fear because they lack the resolve to say it and are cowardly. By now, the narrator may seem that he is cowardly in coming out and saying exactly what he wants to, and instead dances around it by distracting his audience with statements to detract from the serious nature of his arguments, and the readers response only furthers that theory. Through this interpretation, the previous areas where the narrator proclaims that he is either joking or lying are rendered meaningless. So why would he include statements to intentionally mislead the reader? For no other reason than to demonstrate his free will. All that he writes are his, and only his, writings and he is free to do whatever he pleases with them. If he wants to deliberately include passages that contradict what he has already stated, he may do so. This freedom he shows in his writing is directly related to his idea of the free will advantage that he deems so important. Obviously, just the fact that the narrator includes such a response to his writing within his argument proves this to be correct. My favorite part of Notes from Underground is Dostoevsky’s popular phrase that states â€Å"The ends justify the means†. I think he means that this is an excuse used often by individuals whose motives may be questioned. Through his method of writing, the narrator renders this phrase ineffective, while raising a question of the phrase itself. Why do the means even have to be justified at all? The narrator shows that he can decide upon actions that may oppose his interests to prove that he is an unpredictable man with a free will and ability to make voluntary decisions of his own, without the need to justify them with reason. We should all be this way.